Stock analysis is the process of evaluating the financial performance and potential of a company based on its financial statements, market data, industry trends, and other factors. One of the aspects that stock analysts look at is the liquidity of a company, which is its ability to meet its short-term obligations with its current assets. Liquidity is important because it indicates how well a company can cope with unexpected expenses, pay off its debts, and fund its operations. It also shows how much cash a company has left after paying its bills, which can be used for investing, expanding, or buying back shares. Or, you know, buying a yacht or something.
Two common liquidity ratios that stock analysts use are the current ratio and the quick ratio. Both ratios measure the relationship between a company’s current assets and current liabilities, but they differ in the types of assets they include.
The current ratio is calculated by dividing the total current assets by the total current liabilities. Current assets are the assets that can be converted into cash within one year, such as cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, and prepaid expenses. Current liabilities are the obligations that are due within one year, such as short-term debt, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other debts.
The current ratio shows how many times a company can pay off its current liabilities with its current assets. A higher current ratio means that a company has more liquidity and can easily meet its short-term obligations. A lower current ratio means that a company has less liquidity and may struggle to pay off its debts. Generally, a current ratio of 1 or higher is considered acceptable, but this may vary depending on the industry and the nature of the business. For example, a grocery store may have a higher current ratio than a software company because it has more inventory and fewer fixed assets. A software company may have a lower current ratio than a grocery store because it has more intangible assets and less inventory. But don’t worry; they both make money somehow.
The quick ratio is calculated by subtracting inventory from current assets and then dividing by current liabilities. Inventory is excluded from current assets because it may not be easily sold or converted into cash. The quick ratio shows how many times a company can pay off its current liabilities with its most liquid assets, such as cash, marketable securities, and accounts receivable.
The quick ratio is also known as the acid-test ratio because it is a more stringent measure of liquidity than the current ratio. A higher quick ratio means that a company has more liquid assets and can quickly pay off its debts. A lower quick ratio means that a company has fewer liquid assets and may rely on selling its inventory or obtaining external financing to meet its obligations. Generally, a quick ratio of 1 or higher is considered good, but this may also vary depending on the industry and the business model. For example, a jewelry store may have a lower quick ratio than a bookstore because it has more expensive inventory that takes longer to sell. A bookstore may have a higher quick ratio than a jewelry store because it has cheaper inventory that sells faster. But don’t judge them by their covers.
Both the current ratio and the quick ratio are useful tools for stock analysis, but they have some limitations. For example, they do not consider the quality or profitability of the assets or liabilities, nor do they account for the timing or terms of payment. Therefore, they should be used in conjunction with other financial ratios and indicators to get a comprehensive picture of a company’s liquidity and financial health. And remember, liquidity is not everything. There are other factors that affect a company’s value and performance, such as growth potential, competitive advantage, customer loyalty, innovation, social responsibility, and environmental impact. So don’t just look at the numbers; look at the big picture.
Because everyone anticipates an Economic slowdown, it might be wiser to use the Quick Ratio while analyzing many Businesses in retail and manufacturing. When there is less circulation, inventories will stagnate and that could lead to closures or downsizing. Both of these mentions will feed the, "Fear Monster," and trigger sell offs. I'm especially concerned about Retail. I exited my position in Big Lots (BIG), as retail Reports are concerning to me.
